tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-84795597494574264362024-02-21T10:06:05.434+08:00Slime Green Plants: GMAT GuruThe Blog of News Entertainment by a GMAT GuruUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger12125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479559749457426436.post-37255857645261718282021-02-01T00:00:00.004+08:002021-02-03T21:05:06.272+08:00Building a Startup: How much money do you really need?<img border="0" height="360" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1556761175-5973dc0f32e7?ixid=MXwxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHw%3D&ixlib=rb-1.2.1&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2690&q=80" width="640" /><div><br /></div><div>Thanks to the Internet, entrepreneurs can now do more than ever before - especially when it comes to building a startup. <br /><br />How much money you really need to build one depends on your startup idea, but most of the time, you would want to bootstrap and build a prototype that gains enough traction for your startup to generate revenue over time.<br /><br /><br /><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b>#1 - Ask the Right Questions and Validate Your Startup Idea</b></h2><div>There was once a senior of mine who wanted to start a business after graduation, but he had no idea how to get started.</div><div><br /></div><div>He did the usual - he Googled for ideas, information about building startups, and he started seeking the advice of others.</div><div><br /></div><div>I was 18 that time, running a website-building business and read a lot of business-related, finance and management books. I introduced him to the lean startup methodology and agile project management because his startup ideas had something to do with software development.<br /><br />He refused to share his idea, choosing instead to give a rough idea of his startup because he sincerely believed that I, like many others he talked on, was going to steal his startup idea from him. <br /><br />He received great advice from veteran entrepreneurs, professors and friends, went about to get a business loan and kickstarted the development of his startup. One crucial thing that he missed asking - did the market need his startup product?<br /><br />He should have validated his startup idea before jumping into building the product. He invested a huge chunk of money (some of it borrowed from family and friends), spent a lavish sum to rent an office, renovated it and squandered most of his cash hiring the wrong people.<br /><br />He ran the business for 3 years, made no profit and never finished the development of the product. Needless to say, he left his poor investors in the lurch and no one has heard of him since. <br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b>#2 - It is a misconception that starting a startup requires a huge capital to be successful</b></h2><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">One of the most common mistakes that startup founders make is to build a product no one wants to pay for. The fastest way to make this expensive mistake is to spend your investors’ money into building your product or a complicated application. <br /><br /><br />Instead of looking to investors to fund your startup, focus your efforts on learning how to write a compelling, working to hone and shorten the critical points until you get a refined "elevator pitch" (a 30 second explanation of your startup idea's merits). <br /><br />Then pitch the idea to random strangers around you so you can get used to common questions and have time to figure out all of the answers, and hone your pitch even more. This will only cost you your time, but not money.<br /><br />Keep sharpening your skills in planning and management. Talk to startup founders who’ve already made it, and you will eventually do well in your startup.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />For more useful tips, check out this <a href="https://www.startupstorey.com/startup/startup-guide-for-entrepreneurs/">Ultimate Step-by-Step Guide to Building Your Startup</a> by Startup Storey. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /><br /></div></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479559749457426436.post-80116496961129287402016-06-19T03:00:00.002+08:002021-02-03T02:34:18.844+08:00GMAT Sample Essays - Spiessa Restaurant Industry Essay Prompt<div>The Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, is an important part of the business school application process. We understand how difficult it may be, hence we're providing this resource free for students like yourself taking this GMAT test. </div><div><b><br /></b></div><b>The following is taken from a sample essay prompt (Analytical Writing Assignment Section) of the GMAT:</b><br />
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The following appeared as part of an article in the travel section of a newspaper:<br />
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“Over the past decade, the restaurant industry in the country of Spiessa has experienced unprecedented growth. This surge can be expected to continue in the coming years, fueled by recent social changes: personal incomes are rising, more leisure time is available, single-households are more common, and people have a greater interest in gourmet food, as evidenced by a proliferation of publications on the subject.”<br />
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P:(1)Over the past decade, the restaurant industry in the country of Spiessa has experienced unprecedented growth<br />
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(2)fueled by recent social changes: personal incomes are rising, more leisure time is available, single-person households are more common, and people have a greater interest in gourmet food, as evidenced by a proliferation of publications on the subject.<br />
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C: This surge can be expected to continue in the coming years.<br />
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(1) Future predict is needed.<br />
(2) The evidence of incomes are rising, more leisure time, single-person households and greater interest in gourmet as evidenced by a proliferation of publications on the subject.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #1</span><br />
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In the argument above, the author concludes that the growth in the country of Spiessa’s restaurant industry will continue in the coming years. The premise of the argument is that this industry has experienced an unprecedented growth over the past decade. Additional evidences for the cause of this growth are the social changes such as increasing incomes, more leisure time, single-person households, and interest of the people in gourmet food. However, the argument is flawed because it falsely assumes that the earlier growth and the social changes will cause the people to go out to have food at the restaurants and to spend money eating outside, eventually leading to the growth of the restaurant industry.<br />
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First, the argument wrongly assumes that the previous growth will have its effect in the future. However, the author fails to provide evidence regarding the growth of restaurant industry in the previous years. It is entirely possible that this industry grew due to some government decisions for restaurant businesses that took effect during the last decade.<br />
Government decisions regarding the food quality improvement and price reduction can surely cause the people to go out and eat at the restaurants.<br />
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Second, the reasoning in the article is flawed because it erroneously assumes that the social changes such as increasing incomes and more leisure time will lead to continuous growth in the restaurant industry. Yet, there is no information provided that why the people with increased incomes with more leisure time will go and spend their money only at restaurants. There is a possibility that this group of people will spend the money on a foreign trip, camping out, or watching a movie at cinema. If the people opt for these alternative options, the restaurant business can not grow according to the expectations.<br />
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Third, the evidence supporting the argument makes a weak claim that the single-person households and interest in gourmet food cause the people to have food at restaurants. But, there is not enough information to support this claim. It is possible that the single-household persons are unlikely to eat at restaurants as they don’t have any close partner to go along with them. It is also possible that the people of this country have a habit of eating and preparing gourmet food at home. Considering these examples, the restaurant business growth is unexpected.<br />
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Moreover, the argument can be improved by appealing to the country’s history with the growth of restaurant industry. In particular, the growth experienced due to the interest of the people to eat at the special kind of fast-food restaurants. The food offered at these restaurants has been in high demand and the existing fast-food restaurants are still not able to fulfill the complete demand of the people of the country. The association of the restaurant industry has decided to open more restaurants in major cities to fulfill this demand. Adding this example will surely strengthen the argument made by the author.<br />
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In conclusion, the argument in the article presented in the travel section of a newspaper is flawed because it assumes that social changes can be the cause of growth. Moreover, the argument wrongly concludes that this growth will continue in the coming years. Hence, the argument is not well reasoned as it is not backed by strong evidences and premises.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo07rCsIpsfIN8a0nG-FiZSSw-Erb8MN-_pImHmAPQ0S4NHFTkyZi_S8aKZLdbMg9bxdt9sT-s7H_wIyGzp48ZsTnlm2PtT8uJ6Fk-bIijzrzCpSeLDKEE5Qv0aquJzOH2bTjdKRKOW2VZ/s1600/essay-1294197_960_720.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo07rCsIpsfIN8a0nG-FiZSSw-Erb8MN-_pImHmAPQ0S4NHFTkyZi_S8aKZLdbMg9bxdt9sT-s7H_wIyGzp48ZsTnlm2PtT8uJ6Fk-bIijzrzCpSeLDKEE5Qv0aquJzOH2bTjdKRKOW2VZ/s320/essay-1294197_960_720.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #2</span><br />
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This article cites that as a result of the increasing personal incomes, and the rising leisure time, the growing universality of single-person households, and the increasing interest in gourmet food, the surge of the restaurant industry in the country of Spiessa can be expected to continue in the coming years. However, careful scrutiny of these evidences reveals numerous potential problems and critical flaws that render its author’s position untenable.<br />
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It is mentioned in the article that the personal incomes in the country of Spiessa has been increasing. By this factor, the speaker is attempting to inform us that citizens will spend most of their increased incomes having dinner in the restaurants. However, this belief has distorted a plain truth. Consider, for example, people in this country tend to pay more attention on education, rather than eating, and they are more likely to invest their extra money on their children’s education. Under such circumstances, it is unlikely for the restaurant industry to meet a continue surge.<br />
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Except for the four reasons, the author also guaranteed that the surge of increasing food industry will "continue" within the next years. The basis of his prediction is simple: all aspects concerned with food industry would remain during this period. But it might turn out that his expectation could be vague. The development of certain industries depends on complex issues, such as the cost of raw materials or market condition. If either of the elements tends to be worse, the food industry could suffer from the crash and would not continue the surge of "unprecedented growth".<br />
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The article made its own view for local R industry based on interest of local residents in a travel section of magazine. This lead us to believe domestic consumption is a major portion within S r industry. But if overseas travelers spend more money on gourmet food in S, and they simply became less willing to visit S for food in the coming years, we can expect these visitors as major consumer for S. Perhaps even domestic consumption couldn't make any contribution to boosting local R industry.<br />
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By way of conclusion, this argument has not succeeded in providing compelling reasons to support the relationship described by the author. To strengthen the conclusion, the author should have to provide additional evidences to support that the increase in all the four areas will have direct proportional relationship with the sales of restaurants.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #3</span><br />
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The argument that the unprecedented growth in restaurant industry can be expected to continue in the coming years omits some important concerns that must be addressed to substantiate the argument. The statement that follows the description of why this growth will continue simply describes some social changes evidenced by a public proliferation. This alone does not constitute a logical argument in favor of the coming growth, and it certainly does not provide enough support or proof of the main argument.<br />
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First, the argument just lists some recent social changes but does not point out the relationship between these changes and the coming growth in restaurant industry. No further evidence is mentioned in the argument to explain the causal oversimplification of them. People with more incomes and leisure time have several options other than going to the restaurant to choose. Second, the authority of the proliferation of publications is doubtful.<br />
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The argument not only does not mention the name of this proliferation, but does not cite concrete statistics of the evidence that the proliferation of publications on the subject claims. Until these questions are answered, the evidence is worthless as proof for the conclusion. Finally, the argument believes the unprecedented growth in restaurant industry will continue as it does over the past decade. However, the background conditions of restaurant market cannot remain the same at different times. It is not clear in the statement whether the current conditions of restaurant industry are the same as they used to be. Thus it is impossible to conclude that.<br />
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Because the argument leaves out several key issues and fails to provide adequate justification for the prediction, it is quite unwarranted. To better assess the argument, additional details like concrete data and further explanation are needed. If it did so, the argument would have become more convincing.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #4</span><br />
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There is no clear connection between the social changes and the continuing increase in demand for restaurants.<br />
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This argument concludes the restaurant industry in the Spiessa will continue growth in the coming years because the restaurant industry in Spiessa grew unprecedentedly over the past decade. Other proposed evidence of this prediction are personal incomes are rising, more leisure time, single-person households are generalized and people have a greater interest in gourmet food. The conclusion is not convincing to me because the future prediction in the argument is difficult to be guaranteed and there is no information about what the social changes are in relation to what they were.<br />
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Using current growth to predict future growth is unreliable. Although the growth in Spiessa can be observed now, it doesn’t mean the growth will be continued in the future. Personal incomes could decrease in the future. People may interests in gambling later, then the growth prediction will fail in the future. Sometimes, if future event needs to be predicted, some trend analysis are needed, likes economic growth estimation. Those trend analysis will increase the accuracy of prediction. In this argument, there is no trend analysis for the prediction that the conclusion makes.<br />
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Most of the social changes have no sources to prove them except one that people have a greater interest in gourmet food. Although the argument lists the rising of personal incomes, more leisure time, people have a greater interest in gourmet food, and more single-person households to support the growth of restaurant industry, the argument doesn’t point out the source of these phenomenon. Statistic numbers or trusted sources are needed to support these premises. Even though all premises have the trusted sources, the inference of restaurant industry growth from these phenomenon is vague. The evidence to prove these phenomenon implying the growth of restaurant industry is needed.<br />
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Looking at the evidence cited, we can see many flaws so that the conclusion is not held up. Incomes may be going up, but this doesn’t guarantee that people will spend the increased income on eating out. More leisure time might suggest that people travel more and spend money on food out elsewhere. And single-person households may have the stereotype of eating out, but there is nothing to support this. Further single households may become multiple. None of this information predicts a demand for more restaurants in the future. The argument goes on to say that because the sale of gourmet food magazines has increased, there is an increase in interest in good food, and this interest translates to eating out. Maybe people will cook the same old thing despite their interest and maybe they will cook gourmet at home.<br />
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The premise that the argument proposed are not enough to support its conclusion. Some trend analysis about restaurant industry are needed. Furthermore, the causes that make this industry growth are need to be pointed out and proved. After the causes and future trends about the industry are found, the argument could be convincing.<br /><b><br /></b><b>Read more GMAT Sample Essays on our <a href="https://slimegreenplants.blogspot.sg/search/label/GMAT%20Sample%20Essays" target="_blank">website</a>. </b>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479559749457426436.post-7755181003134145372016-06-12T01:00:00.002+08:002021-02-03T02:34:24.238+08:00GMAT Sample Essays 11 - Saluda Natural Spring Water Essay Prompt<div>The Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, is an important part of the business school application process. We understand how difficult it may be, hence we're providing this resource free for students like yourself taking this GMAT test. </div><div><br /></div><b>The following is taken from a sample essay prompt (Analytical Writing Assignment Section) of the GMAT:</b><br />
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Laboratory studies show that Saluda Natural Spring Water contains several of the minerals necessary for good health and that it is completely free of bacteria. Residents of Saluda, the small town where the water is bottled, are hospitalized less frequently than the national average. Even though Saluda Natural Spring Water may seem expensive, drinking it instead of tap water is a wise investment in good health."<br />
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Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.<br />
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No copyright infringement is intended.<div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1580894732444-8ecded7900cd?ixid=MXwxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHw%3D&ixlib=rb-1.2.1&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2250&q=80" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="534" data-original-width="800" height="427" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1580894732444-8ecded7900cd?ixid=MXwxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHw%3D&ixlib=rb-1.2.1&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2250&q=80" width="640" /></a></div><div><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Sample Essay #1</b></span><br />
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The author concludes that drinking Saluda Natural spring water is a wise investment in good health. The evidence presented by him are the presence of essential minerals in it and the less frequent hospitalization rate of the residents of Saluda. But the argument is not totally convincing and is based on unwarranted assumptions.<br />
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Although it is mentioned that several minerals necessary for good health are present in Saluda Natural Spring Water, other branded bottled waters may also contain the same or even more minerals. Saluda Spring Water is also expensive. But the price of other bottled waters could be lesser than Saluda Natural Spring Water. Nothing is mentioned about the other competing brands or other household methods to purify tap water.<br />
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It is mentioned that the residents of Saluda are less frequently hospitalized but there is no direct evidence which states that the residents of Saluda drink only Saluda Natural Spring Water. The lifestyle of the residents of Saluda may be a healthier one. For example, the amount of time the people of Saluda spend on daily exercise is more than the time spent by people in other parts of the country, or the diet of people of Saluda is more nutritious than the diet of other people of the country. Thus there may be other reasons for the comparatively lower hospitalization rates.<br />
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Also, a comparatively lower national average does not necessarily mean less number of people falling sick as the national average may have been inflated due to a famine or an epidemic in some other part of the country.<br />
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Overall, the argument is weak because of lack of data about other companies, and a direct evidence that links usage of Saluda spring water and having a good health. The argument could have been strengthened by providing these crucial data about other competing brands and by considering other factors that might play a part in the good health of the people of Saluda.<br />
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<b style="font-size: x-large;">Sample Essay #2</b><br />
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The author of the article claims that because the people in the nearby town have a lower average rate of hospitalization and because the water has been tested bacteria free in laboratory it is a requirement for healthy being. Clearly, the conclusion is based on many assumptions and doesn't provide enough reasons to convince the consumers for using the water from Saluda springs.<br />
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Firstly, the author mentions that the people in the Saluda town, where the water is bottled, are not hospitalized often because of the good quality of springs water. If people bottle the water, it doesn't mean they consume it too. If the water is expensive and the economic stature of the people is not high enough, they might not be consuming this water.<br />
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Secondly, less number of hospitalization doesn't mean people don't fall sick. There is a fair chance, that people do fall sick and take home remedies instead of visiting the hospitals most of the times. Also, the author should mention the statistics of diseases caused by water to those caused by any other reasons at other places to clearly justify that hospitalization in Saluda is less because of good quality water.<br />
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Lastly, the author concludes by saying that Saluda bottled water is better than tap water. This statement doesn't justify the consumption of Saluda water rather than any other bottled water. If Saluda water is expensive than any other bottled water, people would prefer other mineral water than Saluda bottled water.<br />
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<b style="font-size: x-large;">Sample Essay #3</b><br />
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The author’s argument is considerable weekend by all of the above mentioned points. The author should provide justification to the points discussed to strengthen his argument.<br />
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The argument states that Saluda Natural Spring Water contains several minerals which are vital for good health and is completely free of bacteria. Residents of Saluda have been hospitalized less frequently than the national average. It is expensive as compared to tap water but is a wise investment in good health.<br />
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Firstly, I agree with this argument in general. Saluda Natural Spring Water has been preferred by many people as it contains minerals which are beneficial for optimal health and is free of bacteria. Moreover, residents of Saluda have been hospitalized less frequently than the national average. This clearly indicates that people who consume Saluda Natural Spring Water on a regular basis are healthier than those who do not consume it. On the other hand, tap water is not a better option for drinking as it is contaminated with harmful chemicals that would lead to adverse health effects.<br />
Secondly, Saluda can promote themselves on various sources of media such as television, radio, newspapers, banners and social networking websites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest. They should outline the differences between consuming regular tap water and Saluda Natural Spring Water so that people are aware and familiar about the type of water they should consume. Moreover, Saluda Natural Spring Water should state the impact of consuming tap water over a certain period of time so that few people use it for regular use. The company can hire famous celebrities for promoting their product which would cause their profits and revenues to rise drastically.<br />
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Thirdly, the company can be more successful in the future if they listen to the views and opinions of the consumers regarding the product. This would help them greatly in improving their services. Furthermore, Saluda Natural Spring Water should also consider in representing a strong brand image when compared to other companies in the market. This would enable them to have a strong position in the market.<br />
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In conclusion, Saluda Natural Spring Water is a better option than regular tap water since it is abundant in minerals which are optimal for good health as well as does not contain chemicals harmful to health. In addition, fewer people living in Saluda have been hospitalized as compared to the national average. This shows that people who consumed the water have been diagnosed with fewer diseases as compared to those who have not consumed the water. The company should advertise themselves as a result more people will be familiar and keen to purchase the product.<br />
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<b style="font-size: x-large;">Sample Essay #4</b><br />
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The author tries to convince the readers to think that the Saluda Natural Spring Water is good for health and that drinking the water is a wise choice. To support the conclusion, he or she cites scientific data saying the water contains minerals good for health and it is free of bacteria, and statistical data showing that the residents living around the source of the water are less frequently hospitalized, that is, are healthier. While the two data seems reasonable to judge the effectiveness, the respective citations have serious errors.<br />
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The first citation is that laboratory studies show the advantages that the water has: containing beneficial minerals and being free of bacteria. Although it seems to give the consumers exquisite benefits, since the data has no relative data by which the readers can valid it, the argument is significantly weak. That is, although the author claims that the water is superior to the others, no data about the other water brands is shown. Therefore, the readers can not make out whether the water is better than the others or not. For instance, if the other famous water brand, X, has the same amount of the beneficial minerals and it is also free of bacteria, the Saluda Natural Spring Water has no advantage over X.<br />
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The second citation is that the residents who live around the source of the water are healthier than ones in the other cities. This citation is intended to make the readers believe the superiority that the water has, but, in terms of the lack of information about causal relationship between the data and the water's effectiveness, the citation fails to function. That is, the health of the residents can be considered the result from the other factors such as the style of life or food, not from the water. It is well happened that people in rural areas live longer than people in urban areas because of cleanness of the air and the land. In my country, residents in the capital city Tokyo are less healthy than ones in the southernmost city Okinawa. Therefore, to make the citation meaningful, the author should have shown the direct relationship between the cited data and the water.<br />
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In conclusion, although the author tries to show the superiority of Saluda Natural Spring Water, he or she fails is for the reasons that I mentioned above.<br />
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<b>If you want us to grade your essay, leave a comment below. If you would like an experienced tutor to give you detailed comments, you can check out this <a href="https://www.fiverr.com/littlewriter/grade-your-gmat-sample-essay-and-give-you-comments" target="_blank">tutor</a>. </b><br />
<b><br /></b><b>Read more GMAT Sample Essays on our <a href="https://slimegreenplants.blogspot.sg/search/label/GMAT%20Sample%20Essays" target="_blank">website</a>. </b></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8479559749457426436.post-64802414933227690422016-06-05T08:00:00.001+08:002021-02-03T02:34:28.677+08:00GMAT Sample Essays 10 - Ethical Regulations Essay Prompt<div>The Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, is an important part of the business school application process. We understand how difficult it may be, hence we're providing this resource free for students like yourself taking this GMAT test. </div><div><br /></div><b>The following is taken from a sample essay prompt (Analytical Writing Assignment Section) of the GMAT:</b><br />
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The following is an excerpt from a memo written by the head of a governmental department:<br />
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"Neither stronger ethics regulations nor stronger enforcement mechanisms are necessary to ensure ethical behavior by companies doing business with this department. We already have a code of ethics that companies doing business with this department are urged to abide by, and virtually all of these companies have agreed to follow it. We also know that the code is relevant to the current business environment because it was approved within the last year, and in direct response to specific violations committed by companies with which we were then working?not in abstract anticipation of potential violations, as so many such codes are."<br />
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Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.<br />
<br />
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<b>Conclusion</b><br />
Neither stronger ethics regulations nor stronger enforcement mechanisms are necessary to ensure ethical behavior by companies doing business with this department.<br />
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<b>Argument</b><br />
Neither stronger ethics regulations nor stronger enforcement mechanisms are necessary to ensure ethical behavior by companies doing business with this department. We already have a code of ethics that companies doing business with this department are urged to abide by, and virtually all of these companies have agreed to follow it. We also know that the code is relevant to the current business environment because it was approved within the last year, and in direct response to specific violations committed by companies with which we were then working–not in abstract anticipation of potential violations, as so many such codes are. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo07rCsIpsfIN8a0nG-FiZSSw-Erb8MN-_pImHmAPQ0S4NHFTkyZi_S8aKZLdbMg9bxdt9sT-s7H_wIyGzp48ZsTnlm2PtT8uJ6Fk-bIijzrzCpSeLDKEE5Qv0aquJzOH2bTjdKRKOW2VZ/s1600/essay-1294197_960_720.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo07rCsIpsfIN8a0nG-FiZSSw-Erb8MN-_pImHmAPQ0S4NHFTkyZi_S8aKZLdbMg9bxdt9sT-s7H_wIyGzp48ZsTnlm2PtT8uJ6Fk-bIijzrzCpSeLDKEE5Qv0aquJzOH2bTjdKRKOW2VZ/s320/essay-1294197_960_720.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #1</span><br />
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The author, a head of a government department, concludes that the department doesn't need stronger ethics regulations and stronger enforcement mechanisms by stating that it has already had a code of ethics and that it is new and reliable. The argument, however, contains at least two major flaws.<br />
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First, the author insists that the ethnic code is relevant to the current business environment because of its newness, since it was approved within last year, but this is unconvincing in today's fast-changing business world. Any organization, especially governmental organizations, should keep its codes or procedures updated, since new types of violation come next to next not only with unintentional affairs but also with intentional malice. For instance, in my country, Japan, recently an affair was closed up. The incident was that government agents had been regularly bribed by taxi drivers that they use. Beer or snacks were served in the taxi they rode by using taxes. Surprising. Therefore, any organization needs to keep a close eye on any new violations possibly affecting the organization.<br />
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Second, the author says that the code was created in the form of responding to specific violations committed by companies and then the code is reliable in comparison with to other codes which are abstract. This is the same as the code is only for incidents that happened actually in the past and cannot respond to the others. That is, although being specific and realistic is a good thing, finite past experience has by nature a limitation. Therefore, the code should be created not only specifically but also comprehensively by taking examples from the past and by enforcing it from theories and lessons learned from other organizations.<br />
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To sum up, although the author tries to convince the readers that the origination the author belongs to, which is a government organization, already has an effective code for any violations, the argument fails to make it convincing owing to the flaws I mentioned above.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #2</span><br />
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The author's argument that no stronger regulation and no enforcement are needed to keep companies legal has some critical flaws caused by omitting several important factors. As following, the argument should include how effective the current code was since last year, what the specific violation that the current regulation referred to is, and what kind of illegal activity is frequently committed. <br />
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To begin with, there is no explanation about how illegal cases are decreased since the current regulation. According to the author, the current code, which the argument declares effectiveness since its relevance to specific case, was approved within last year to fit modern business environment. If the code is effective enough to prevent companies from committing violations, there should be some comparison of data showing how environment has been changed before and after the current code. <br />
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Additionally, the author failed to define what case the current code was referred to when it was set force. The argument mentions that the code was responded to specific violations committed by companies in the past. However, without knowing what cases or activities were referred to, it is difficult for everyone to determine whether the code is strong enough not to add other ones as the author states. <br />
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Furthermore, those violations frequently committed should be discussed when the code was taken effect even if it was relevant to some specific recent cases because the reference cases cannot be always a benchmark that companies usually or commonly violate. For example, if the reference cases were complex structure of fraud deals in stock exchange market among security companies and investment banks, no one can be sure that the current code can keep companies away from illegal actions because the reference is very specific and occurred in a specific industry. <br />
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As mentioned above, the argument still omits showing some significant factors to consider such as comparison of business environment before and after the current code, specific cases that the code referred to, and frequent and common cases that companies have committed. Being convincing requires to address all possible aspects that the argument could reach to. <br />
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #3</span><br />
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In this passage, the head of a governmental department recommends that neither stronger ethics regulations nor stronger enforcement mechanisms are necessary to ensure ethical behavior by companies doing business with the department. To support the recommendation, the evidence is there is a code of ethics available for the companies and the companies have agreed to follow it. And the code is believed by the author to be relevant to the current business environment because it was approved within the last year and in direct response to specific violations committed by companies the department were doing business with. The argument is not convincing as it suffers from several flaws in several respects.<br />
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Firstly, the author assumes that no stronger enforcement is needed because the companies involved have agreed to follow the code of ethics. This assumption is not reliable. We can depend on the oral agreement only on the condition that there are no possibilities for the companies lie to the department. The assumption can not be depended on without information given on that.<br />
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Secondly, the author claims that the code is relevant to the current business as it was approved within the last year and in response to the specific violations. At first glance, the claim seems right, however,the author fails to understand the nature of a code. A code not only needs to be relevant with the current business but also needs to foresee the possible change in the future. As a code needs to be complied with in the coming years, if a code can not include the respects of possible violations in the future, the code is outdated and ineffective.<br />
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In conclusion, the argument is fallacious due to the above mentioned flaws. To strengthen this argument, the author should rule out the possibility of the dishonesty of the concerned companies. Moreover, the author should make sure that current code includes the regulation aiming for the potential violations.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #4</span><br />
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In this argument, the author concludes that neither stronger ethics regulations nor stronger enforcement mechanisms are necessary to ensure ethical behavior by companies doing business with this department. To buttress his argument, the author points out that there is a code of ethics that companies doing business in this department are urged to abide by and virtually all of these companies have agreed to follow it. In addition, the author assumes that the code does work because it is relevant to the current business environment and was approved within the last year and in direct response to specific violations committed by companies with which we were then working. At first glance, the evidence is persuasive, but a close examination will reveal that the argument is groundless in reasoning in the following aspects.<br />
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First, the arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization. They arguer contends that we already have a code of ethics that companies doing business with the department are urged to abide by, therefore all of these companies have agreed to follow it. However, it's not necessarily the case. The argument is groundless unless the arguer can provide evidence that the companies doing business with this department is representative of all the companies. For example, if companies with this department are some new established companies with few codes of ethics, the codes for them will not be applicable to those companies with long-term operation.<br />
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Second, the arguer assumes that all things are equal. The arguer says that the code is relevant to the current business environment because it was approved within the last year. Yet, the evidence is insufficient is reasoning because the business environment will change quickly and the code approve within last year will not be totally applicable in this year or in the future.<br />
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In summary, the argument will be more reasonable if the arguer can provide strong evidence that the characteristic of companies doing business are representative cases of all the companies and that the business environment keeps unchanged.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #5</span><br />
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The recommendations endorsed in the conclusion are that for companies doing business with the governmental department, a code of ethics instead of stronger ethics regulations or stronger enforcement mechanisms is suitable for these companies to keep ethical behavior. The conclusion is based on the assumptions that these companies have agreed to follow it and that the code is associated with the current business environment. However, the assumptions are of gross oversimplification, and the conclusion is unconvincing.<br />
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To begin with, the code is set up on the basis of the time period when the code was created and its response to specific violations happened in the past. The base is not so strongly enough that the conclusion cannot be derived that the code is consistent with the current business environment which can change fast over time. The code matched to the past business environment, but it cannot guarantee that the code can predicate what is happening now and what would happen in the future. Therefore, it is necessary for the code to be designed for the present and future business environment in order to these companies to have ethical behavior consistent with the department.<br />
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Moreover, although all of these companies have agreed to follow the code, they may not abide by the code during the time of doing the business with the department because there are no strong regulations or enforcements to restrict their behavior. For instance, if a company realizes that there is no punishment during the process of doing business, it would get some chance of not abiding by ethnical behaviors because of no punishment of not doing ethnical behaviors. Therefore, the assumption is gratuitous because it is supposed that all of the companies would abide by the code during the whole process of doing business if they have agreed to follow the code.<br />
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In conclusion, the argument is unpersuasive and unwarranted. The evidence in support of the conclusion does little to prove the conclusion since it does not address the arguments I have already raised. In order to substantiate the argument, the author needs to prove that the code is consistent with the current and future business environment and to make sure that all of the companies would do what they promise to do during the whole time of doing business with the department.<br />
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The following appeared as part of an article in the business section of a local newspaper:<br />
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Motorcycle X has been manufactured in the United States for more than 70 years. Although one foreign company has copied the motorcycle and is selling it for less, the company has failed to attract motorcycle X customers?some say because its product lacks the exceptionally loud noise made by motorcycle X. But there must be some other explanation. After all, foreign cars tend to be quieter than similar American-made cars, but they sell at least as well. Also, television advertisements for motorcycle X highlight its durability and sleek lines, not its noisiness, and the ads typically have voice-overs or rock music rather than engine-roar on the sound track.<br />
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Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.<br />
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<a name='more'></a><br />
No copyright infringement is intended.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #1</span><br />
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The author of the article asserts that the reason why the company selling a similar motorcycle to Motorcycle X fails to gain popularity is not because the product, which is a copy product of Motorcycle X, doesn't produce exhaust sound. Supposedly, only the characteristic that makes different from Motorcycle X is the sound. The reasons that the author introduces are, first, that the difference in noise doesn't make sense in automobile, and second, that the advertisement of Motorcycle X doesn't appeal any noisy characteristics. His argument, however, has serious flaws, and thereby it fails to convince the readers of the newspaper.<br />
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First of all, the author fails to establish connection between the reasons that he cites and the unpopularity of the product that the foreign company manufactures. That is, the symptom in cars doesn't have a direct link with the one in motorcycles, and the fact that the Motorcycle X's advertisement doesn't stress the sound nature doesn't necessarily mean that the induction that the lack of similar sound of the counter product is denied. Therefore, to strengthen the argument, the authors should have showed a direct causal relationship between his premises and the symptom.<br />
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The biggest problem from a writing structural point of view is that the article lacks a conclusion. He says that the possible cause is not a good explanation for the situation, but he doesn't show any reason that he thinks of as a major cause. He should have at least mentioned his opinion at the article.<br />
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In conclusion, his reasoning is weak because of the reasons that he cites, and above all, his reasoning lacks the conclusion, and thereby it is not considered a good argument.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #2</span><br />
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The argument states that the foreign company copied the motorcycle X and the sales is not good as Motorcycle X, because it lacks the loud noise, which is made by motorcycle X, and besides that, there must be some other explanation. The author cites the sample of car selling to do comparison, and makes the advertisements as evidence to support his view. But the author fails to convince me, because he has makes several assumptions.<br />
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To begin with, the author put the foreign made products at the same platform to do comparison with US-made products. To a consumer, perhaps, it is not very obvious, but it's no doubt that more or less a consumer has emotional factor to impact his decision. Normally, if the product made by foreign nation has good quality as same as the one made by US, and meanwhile, the price is not very competitive, most likely, the consumer would buy the one made by US. For example, US is the pioneer of IT industry, if a US citizen wants to purchase a computer between US brand, Dell and Chinese brand, Lenovo, the choice will go to Dell, because of the preference to support own country.<br />
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Secondly, if the author put the country preference away, he still assumes that car selling could be compared with motorcycle selling. Frankly, it is true that foreign cars have certain marketing share in the whole industry, but car and motorcyle are two different products, though they are all engine-driven. It is very possible that when people choose car, people would consider price, safety, maintenance frequency, but for motorcycle, it's not as popular as car, when people buy motorcycle, fashion, noise, speed may become the main points to consider. Therefore, it is not reasonable expect motorcycle sales good only due to car selling was good before.<br />
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Finally, even if the car selling is suitable to fit the car selling, the advertisement evidence still works under an assumption. The author assumes that the customers who buy the motorcycle X are driven by TV advertisement to make the choice. To be honest, the TV ads typically doesn't show the loud noise to audience, but it doesn't proved that the customers buy the motorcycle by the motivation of TV watch. Actually, the majority of the motor riders are young people, who now like the internet surfing, internet marketing and internet purchasing. For example, 80% of the friends around me are buying products from internet now, and they don't even watch TV now. The young people adore the internet ads more than the TV ads. Thus, the TV ads couldn't support the author's view completely.<br />
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To sum up, the argument makes three assumptions when expressing his view, and if the author wants to convince more people to trust this argument, he has to release more analysis and proof to show that people treat foreign products as same as own-country-made products, car selling is comparable with motorcycle selling and the TV ads is the main channel to promote.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo07rCsIpsfIN8a0nG-FiZSSw-Erb8MN-_pImHmAPQ0S4NHFTkyZi_S8aKZLdbMg9bxdt9sT-s7H_wIyGzp48ZsTnlm2PtT8uJ6Fk-bIijzrzCpSeLDKEE5Qv0aquJzOH2bTjdKRKOW2VZ/s1600/essay-1294197_960_720.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo07rCsIpsfIN8a0nG-FiZSSw-Erb8MN-_pImHmAPQ0S4NHFTkyZi_S8aKZLdbMg9bxdt9sT-s7H_wIyGzp48ZsTnlm2PtT8uJ6Fk-bIijzrzCpSeLDKEE5Qv0aquJzOH2bTjdKRKOW2VZ/s320/essay-1294197_960_720.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #3</span><br />
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The argument above states that the foreign copycats of motorcycle X failed to attract the original brand customers for the reason other than the distinguishing lound noise made by motorcycle X. The arguer presents several reasons: comparison with noise level of foreign cars, television advertisements highlights of durability and sleek lines instead of noisiness, and voice over the engine-roar. In my view these evidences are not convincing enough to arrive at the conclusion that noise is not the key identity, or key selling point of motorcycle X for below reasons:<br />
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First of all, it is doubtful to use foreign cars as an analog to motorcycle, as these two different type of products present different attractions to buyers. For example, quietness of cars are typically viewed as an important quality of the product, while motorcycle X, on the other hand, sells their products by distinctive noises. therefore quieter foreign cars sell at least as well as American cars is not comparable to the motorcycle category.<br />
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Secondly, even if motor cycle's quietness is a relevant quality that potential buyer would consider, the arguer confused 'product category' with 'brand'. there are several dimensions of a brand image, and its perception in the target customers' minds. In this case, brand motorcycle X is perceived by its over 70 years long built customer base as loud, durable and sleek etc. So for the marketing strategy, or to be more precise advertising strategy, motorcycle X choosing to highlight its durability and sleek lines does not necessarily mean that these are the only two dimensions of the brand. It can well be the reason that since noisiness is such as established quality of the brand thus the company prefer to spend its advertising dollars on some other important features such as mentioned above.<br />
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Further more, mentioning the rock music in the advertisement helps to prove other way than what the arguer states. Rock music is loud. It well relates to the loud motorcycle X and helps to illustrate the brand image and product quality. Voice-overs rather than engine roar is not sufficient to prove that engine roar, or the noisiness is not important.<br />
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Therefore, the argument of above passage uses a different product category as an analog which is not convincing enough and mistakenly considers product as brand. More information or evidences needed to be provided for the reasoning that foreign copycats fail for the reason other than the noise level.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #4</span><br />
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The author's conclusion, that it is not the motorcycle X's engine roar and but something else, making motorcycle X's customers to not switch to cheaper copied version of motorcycle X, is refutable. In support of the conclusion author presents facts: firstly, the example of car industry, where quiter foreign cars sell atleast as well as American made cars. Secondly, author mentions the motorcycle X's advertisement, which highlight motorcycle X's durability and sleek lines instead of engine roar and basis that he questions that how can engine roar could be reason for customer not to switch to cheaper copied version of motorcycle X.Conclusion of the author based on flawed assumption that purchasing patterns of customers towards a car and motorcycle are same. Also he falsely assumes since television advertisement of motorcycle X does not focus on engine roar so engine roar cannot be the reason for customers to stick to the motorcycle X. The argument is unconvincing because it suffers from primarily two critical flaws.<br />
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Firstly, the assumption that since quiet foreign cars sell as well as american made cars, so should be the motorcycle. Author overlooks the fact that while purchasing a car customers might evaluate features of a car different than those of a motorcycle, while purchasing a motorcycle. While making such comparison author should have mentioned why purchasing of a car is similar to purchasing of a motorcycle? Since, author overlooks logical facts while stating example of car industry, so the assumption basis the same is completely flawed.<br />
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Secondly, the author assumes that since advertisement of the motorcycle X does not highlight engine roar so how can customer would be preferring motorcycle X over copied verision basis engine roar? Author overlooks the fact that motorcycle X is in business for 70 years and so possibly motorcycle X's engine roar does not need any introduction and so highlights motorcycle X's other features. If, while stating this fact author would have looked at familiarity of motorcycle X's customers with the product.How well versed the motorcycle X's customers are with the engine roar of the motorcycle X? And how the motorcycle X is recognized among it's customers. For example is the brand recognition through engine roar or something else? Since, author concludes in lack of logical facts so the conclusion made by author is flawed.<br />
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Conclusively, in lack of evidences author concludes that the reason for customers of motorcycle X not switching to copied version is not engine roar and something else is flawed. Because argument leaves out several key issues so it's not sound and persuasive. So i disgree with the authors opinion that the reason for customers of motorcycle X not switching to copied version is not engine roar and something else basis stated facts.<br />
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The following appeared in an article in a consumer-products magazine:<br />
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"Two of today's best-selling brands of full-strength prescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid, Acid-Ease and Pepticaid, are now available in milder nonprescription forms. Doctors have written 76 million more prescriptions for full-strength Acid-Ease than for full-strength Pepticaid. So people who need an effective but milder nonprescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid should choose Acid-Ease."<br />
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Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.<br />
<a name='more'></a>No copyright infringement is intended.<div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1580894732930-0babd100d356?ixid=MXwxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHw%3D&ixlib=rb-1.2.1&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2250&q=80" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="534" data-original-width="800" height="427" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1580894732930-0babd100d356?ixid=MXwxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHw%3D&ixlib=rb-1.2.1&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2250&q=80" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Planning before writing the essay:</b></span><br />
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P:(1) Acid-Ease and Pepticaid are two best-selling brands of full-strength prescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid.<br />
(2) Acid-Ease and Pepticaid are available in milder non-precription forms.<br />
(3) Doctor have written 76 million more pre-scriptions for full-strength Acid-Ease than for full-strength Prepticaid.<br />
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C: People who need an effective but non-precription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid should choose Acid-Ease.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #1</span><br />
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The article announces that two nonprescription medications for excess stomach acid are now released, and then the author concludes that one of them, Acid-Ease, is superior to the other, Pepticaid, by citing a statistic data, how many doctors have written the prescription more than the other. This conclusion, however, has two serious flaws, so that it fails to convince the readers.<br />
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First, the most important, the author doesn't show the correlation between the prescription and nonprescription version. That is, without explanation of the difference or relationship, even though Acid-Ease has gained more doctor's supports for the prescription version, the readers can't judge whether Acid-Ease for the nonprescription version remain its strengths of the prescription version or not. For instance, if the ingredient of the nonprescription version is much different from one of the prescription version, it can be inferred that the strength of prescription version is not available in the nonprescription version. Therefore, to strength the argument, the author should have explained characteristics of nonprescription medication and made the readers to be able to understand the difference.<br />
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Second, although the author cites one statistical data, 76 million more prescriptions, which is a number that doctors have written for Acid-Ease compared to Pepticaid, this figure makes no sense without the following necessary information. First, the author should clearly articulate the timeframe of the survey, say, the figure is for one year, or for all time. Then, the author should show a percentage rather than a number so that the readers can judge how much Acid-Ease is supported by doctors. That is, if the market size of prescription for excess stomach acid is over 1 billion, the difference between Acid-Ease and Pepticaid can be considered quite small.<br />
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To sum up, although the author tries to convince the readers that Acid-Ease is a better choice even for nonprescription medication of excess stomach acid, since the argument has two serious flaws that I mentioned above, the author fails to make the conclusion reasonable.<br />
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“Two of today’s best-selling brands of full-strength prescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid, Acid-Ease and Pepticaid, are now available in milder nonprescription forms. Doctors have written 76 million more prescriptions for full-strength Acid-Ease than for full-strength Pepticaid. So people who need an effective but milder nonprescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid should choose Acid-Ease.”<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Main Points of the Argument </b></span><br />
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1, Firstly, the author overlooks the possibility that the same excess stomach acid may be attributed to different causes, and thus needs different medication. It is very likely that Acid-Ease is much more effective for one cause of excess stomach acid, but not for all.<br />
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2. Secondly, the author merely states that the doctors have written 76 million more prescriptions for full-strength Acid-Ease than for full-strength Pepticaid, but fails to tell us where he gets the figure.<br />
Does the author get the figure from a specific city, or does he get it through random samples? Does the record correctly reveal the fact? …..Without answers to the questions above, we are not sure about the validity of the figure in this argument.<br />
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3, Last but not the least, even if it is true that the doctors have written more prescriptions for full-strength Acid-Ease than for full strength Pepticaid, we should not incautiously conclude that the milder nonprescription of Acid-Ease is better than that of Pepticaid. For one thing, we don’t know the patients’ response for the effectiveness of the full-strength medicine; for the other, we also have no idea whether the milder medication adopts a recipe different from that of the full-strength medication and whether the milder and full-strength medication act the same way.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #2</span><br />
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The article comes from consumer-products magazine describes, “Two best-selling brands of full-strengh prescription medications for the relief of excess stomach acid have mild non-prescription forms now. Because doctors have written much more prescriptions for Acid-Ease than for Pepticaid, people should buy Acid-Ease if they want milder non-prescription medicine. I don’t think this is a good argument because best-selling medicine doesn’t mean it is what people need; furthermore, even though the full-strength forms of the medicine are good for people, it doesn’t mean the mild non-prescription form are good for people.<br />
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The argument is weakened by using selling number to convince people, but it is ambiguous. There are many reasons could make the medicine selling well. Maybe its price is cheaper than another one, or it has a good advertisement team and make its selling well. People may want to buy it because it has good effect on relief of excess stomach acid or it has cheap price; however in this argument, it didn’t show up this information. In order to strength it, for example, we can add one premise, ”The reason doctor like to prescript it is it has good effect on relief of excess stomach acid.“<br />
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The relation between full-strength form and mild non-prescription form doesn’t be built up. The mild non-prescription form maybe has no effect on the symptom. It uses the myth of ”people always believes the effect of brand.“ and trying to give people the image that the effect of previous product will still keep its effect on next product. If some numbers about how the effect of new medicine can be provided, it will be more trustable.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #3</span><br />
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The argument assumes that people should choose Acid-Ease if they need an effective but milder nonprescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid only because doctors have written 76 million more prescriptions for full-strength Acid-Ease than for full-strength Pepticaid. While the reason is relevant, and provides some grounds for preferring A than P, he lacks of comparison in three aspects lead the argument to a insufficient, unwarranted and unconvinced advertisement.<br />
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The first assumption is that doctors prefer Acid-Ease than Pepticaid on curing patients for they’ve written 76 million more prescriptions for full=strength A than for full-strength P. However, the author should not draw to the preference only because of the number of the prescriptions because there are reasons that lead to a different direction. For instance, the situation may due to the fact that the Acid-Ease is produced earlier than Pepticaid and doctors are more familiar with it<br />
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The second assumption is that the prescription may have been conducted in different time periods, and Acid-Ease may be produced long before the Pepiciad, For instance, the doctor may be much more familiar with Acid-Ease than with Pepciad. It is the very fact that lead both of doctors and patients use more A than P. Moreover, the author should not draw to the conclusion only depend on the unconvinced data and he should provide more analysis to describe it.<br />
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Finally, the third assumption is that the full-strength prescription could be used in the same way as the nonprescription medicine. To support his argument, the author provide a prescription that the A adn P are now available in medications and could be used in a milder nonprescription. However, the author does not provide any data or analysis to explain the medical effectiveness and whether they could be used as nonprescription . Moreover, the author assumes that people who need an effective but milder nonprescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid should choose Acid-Ease but he fails to make up any logical connection between them.<br />
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In conclusion, the argument is too weak to convince the patients and doctors. If the author wants to strengthen the argument, he should provide more data and analysis to explain the prescription time and the effectiveness of both of the medicine.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #4</span><br />
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Acid-Ease and Pepticaid are two of today’s best-selling, full-strength, prescribed medicines to offset excessive stomach acid. Out of these two, doctors prescribed 76 million more acid-ease than Pepticaid to patients. Now, Acid-Ease and Pepticaid are both available as milder, non-prescribed over-the-counter medicines. The milder version of these medicines is effective for patients who don’t need full-strength medication or doctor’s prescription to purchase medicines.<br />
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However, just because doctors prescribed more Acid-Ease than Pepticaid in the past, doesn’t mean people should favor Acid-Ease over Pepticaid when it comes to purchasing a milder, non-prescribed medication to offset their excessive stomach acid.We need to understand why doctors prescribed more full-strength Acid-Ease versus Pepticaid in the past. Were doctors receiving royalty on Acid-Ease whenever they prescribed it? Or did Acid-Ease really outperformed Pepticaid as a better anti-acid medicine? What percentage of prescribed anti-acid medicine does 76 million fall under? These are all questions we must ask before concluding whether Acid-Ease indeed was a better prescribed medicine at full-strength.<br />
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After finding out whether 76 million more prescription of Acid-Ease was scientifically support based on above questions, we then must ask whether new milder, over-the-counter version of Acid-Ease still holds superiority over Pepticaid in performance. It could well be the case that Acid-Ease is a strong full-strength prescribed medicine, but an ineffective anti-acid medication when it comes to milder, over-the-counter drug.These two logics must be tested and be reviewed before we make our assumption.<br />
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<b>The following appeared as part of an article in the education section of a Waymarsh City newspaper.</b><br />
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“Throughout the last two decades, those who earned graduate degrees found it very difficult to get jobs teaching their academic specialties at the college level. Those with graduate degrees from Waymarsh University had an especially hard time finding such jobs. But better times are coming in the next decade for all academic job seekers, including those from Waymarsh. Demographic trends indicate that an increasing number of people will be reaching college age over the next ten years; consequently, we can expect that the job market will improve dramatically for people seeking college-level teaching positions in their fields.”<br />
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<a name='more'></a>No copyright infringement is intended.<div><br /></div><div><a href="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1580894732444-8ecded7900cd?ixid=MXwxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHw%3D&ixlib=rb-1.2.1&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2250&q=80" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="534" data-original-width="800" height="427" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1580894732444-8ecded7900cd?ixid=MXwxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHw%3D&ixlib=rb-1.2.1&auto=format&fit=crop&w=2250&q=80" width="640" /></a><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sample Essay #1</span></b><br />
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In this argument the author reach conclusion that better times are coming in the next decade for all academic job seekers, including those from Waymarsh. Based on the demographic trends that indicate that an increasing number of people will be reaching college age over the next ten years, the author maintain that the job market will improve dramatically for people seeking college-level teaching positions in their fields. At first glance, the author’s argument appears to be somewhat convincing, but there are some reasoning flaws in this argument.<br />
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In the first place, the author provides no evidence to support the claim that all academic job seekers including those from Waymarsh can find teaching jobs at college-level more easily in the next decade. The author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that throughout the last two decades, those who earned graduate degrees found it very difficult to get jobs teaching their academic specialties at the college level. But better times are coming in the next decade for all academic job seekers. The bad situation of job market to teaching job seekers at college-level in last two decades and the improved status in the coming decade have no causal relationship. In addition, all other relevant reasons of bad hiring status to teaching job seekers at college level must be ruled out. In order to prove the conclusion, we need to know whether the market demand decrease or the structure change of market demand leads to all graduate hardly find jobs. if the reason is the latter, the market do not need the human resources of these academic specification. Thus even the market become prosperous, graduates will easily find teaching jobs. especially the status will be not improved if the graduates from Waymarsh can not meet the specification requirement in the market. moreover, the author’s assumption that the better times are coming in the next decade for all academic job seekers is groundless without any evidence to prove.<br />
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In the second place, the Demographic trends cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate the range which the trends are applicable, national or local. if the dempographic trends just represent the local situation other than the place in Waymarsh City, we can not figure out that the number of people will increase and more people will need to get college education in next decade. Even though the demographic trends show national situation, it do not necessarily that job market will improve dramatically. It is sufficient to assume the population increase will result in the increase of market demand to college education and the increase of market demand will lead to the recruitment increase of academic teachers. The people prefer to take short-term job training in the next decade, or the college make use of new technology to offer education program in place of the meathod of hiring more teachers. <br />
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In conclusion, the author fails to provide adequate justification for the reason that job seeker from Waymarsh will easily find teaching jobs in next decade. As it stands, the reasoning constitute some critical flaws. To strengthen the argument, the author would have to provide evidence to prove that the bad status of job market only came from the market situation, not from the market structure. to better assess the argument, we need additional detailed information about the demographic trends so that we can establish the conclusion whether the graduates from Waymarsh will easily find teaching job in next decade.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sample Essay #2</span></b><br />
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This argument is based on 3 premises ; (1) Throughout the last two decades, those who get graduate degrees are hard to find the jobs in college. (2) People graduated from Waymarsh University especially were hard to find the jobs. (3) Demographic trends indicate that an increasing number of people will be reaching college age over the next ten years; Therefore job market will be improved dramatically for people seeking college level teaching positions in their fields. This argument is hard to convince me because it lacks the relation between job market in college and number of people, and it also didn’t tell us the position of people graduated from Waymarsh University in whole graduated people.<br />
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The relation between increasing number of people and job market in college is lacked in the premises. According to the argument, we didn’t know whether people number increasing will add job opportunities in college. There are several connections are missed. We can strengthen it by adding several premises. For example, adding one premise that study shows that increasing number of people will increases the number of student to strengthen it. Once the number of students is increased, One premise can be added; “For the purpose of fitting the ratio between teachers and students, teacher number need to be increased.” After we added these two premises, we have builded up the relationship between increasing number of people and job opportunities in college.<br />
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Even though we added the relationship between increasing number of people and job opportunities in college, the reputation of people graduated from Waymarsh are still unknown, or there are some other reasons that everybody didn’t want to hire people from it. Although the job opportunities are increased, people graduated from Waymarsh University still can find a job in college. In order to strengthen the argument, we can add the premise, “Compare to the people graduated from other university, people graduated from Waymarsh University is easier to find a job in college.”, then we know once the job opportunities are increased, people graduated from Waymarsh university are easier to find a job in college.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #3</span><br />
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In this article, the author believes that academic job opportunities will increase in the next ten years. In supporting his conclusion, he notes two pieces of evidence. First, people who earned graduate degrees found it very hard to get jobs teaching their specialties at the college level, especially for Waymarsh University students. Second, demographic trends indicate that an increasing number of people will be reaching college age over the next ten years. Although the argument may seem reasonable, a close examination reveals it is a groundless assertion. I disagree with the author’s argument because it is an oversimplification.<br />
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First, based on a specific example of difficulty in finding academic teaching jobs of Waymarsh University graduates, it is illogical to assume all people with graduate degrees also have difficulty in finding academic jobs. Even during times of recession, qualified people who are superior to their fellow applicants have little trouble getting jobs. Perhaps, Waymarsh graduates’ academic jobs finding problem may result from the low quality of Waymarsh graduates. Furthermore, unless it can be shown that the worst case scenario of Waymarsh graduates is representative for all schools, any conclusions we reach are only applicable to Waymarsh graduates, not the entire group.<br />
An additional problem with the argument is it assumes that more people reaching college age, or more demand in the market, would increase opportunity for academic job seekers. However, since prior graduates cannot find jobs, the supply will also increase since it is accumulating. In other words, the argument provides no statistically reliable evidence that shows that the increased demand of job opportunities is more than the increased supply of job hunters.<br />
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To sum up, the argument connecting Waymarsh University graduates and more demand in the market with increased opportunity in the academic market is not convincing. To back up his argument, the author should not use insufficient evidence to establish a general conclusion. Moreover, he needs to rule out other different conditions between Waymarsh University and other universities before making this overly simplistic statement. Thus, in order for the author to make a strong argument, he should provide more convincing statistics and examine all potential causes before jumping to conclusions.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #4</span><br />
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Citing demographic trends that conclude a greater number of people will be college-aged in the coming decade, the article predicts a huge increase in job vacancies for college teaching. As a result, college graduates will get jobs in college-level teaching more easily than at present, a trend that will benefit academic job applicants everywhere including those graduate from WU. The rosy prediction, however, is both oversimplied and unwarranted in three important respects.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Sample Essay #5</span><br />
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The argument states that throughout the last two decades, those who earned graduate degrees found it arduous to get jobs teaching their academic specialties at the college level. On the other hand, those with graduate degrees from Waymarsh University had an especially difficult time finding such jobs. However, better times are coming in the next decade for all academic job seekers, including those from Waymarsh. Demographic trends state that an increasing number of people will be reaching college age over the next ten years; therefore it is expected that the job market will improve significantly for people seeking college-level teaching positions in their fields.<br />
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Firstly, I agree with this argument in general. It is clear that people who have earned graduate degrees as well as those with graduate degrees from Waymarsh University have experienced difficulty in finding jobs teaching their academic specialties at the college level. This is expected to change in the future as recent demographic trends indicate that there will be an increased number of people reaching college age over the next decade so the number of positions of teachers will increase dramatically. The job market will improve for people willing to seek college-level teaching positions in their fields. Hence, the unemployment rate will be stable over the next ten years.<br />
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Secondly, things will be more balanced and even as compared to the last two decades. There will be greater availability of leisure time, personal incomes will increase, greater number of candidates will enroll in the university as well as the literacy rate of the country will increase. More leisure time will be available as a result families will spend more time outdoors and will participate in recreational activities. Since greater number of students will be admitted to the university, there will be greater availability of vacancies for teachers as a result the literacy rate will rise suddenly. People will live a better standard of life due to an increase in personal incomes. All these factors will eventually balance out the unemployment rate.<br />
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In conclusion, in the next ten years graduates from Waymarsh University and those with graduate degrees will likely find jobs as a result the job market will improve for people seeking college-level teaching positions in their fields. In addition, personal incomes will rise, more leisure time will be available, and more students will be joining the university as a result the literacy rate will increase significantly. Furthermore, the unemployment rate will be stable and even in the future. The next ten years can be expected to be prosperous and beneficial for Waymarsh.<br />
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<b><br /></b>
<b>The following appeared as a part of an advertisement for Adams, who is seeking reelection as governor:</b><br />
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"Reelect Adams, and you will be voting for proven leadership in improving the state’s economy. Over the past year alone, 70 percent of the state’s workers have had increases in their wages, 5,000 new jobs have been created, and six corporations have located their headquarters here. Most of the respondents in a recent poll said they believed that the economy is likely to continue to improve if Adams is reelected. Adams’s opponent, Zebulon, would lead our state in the wrong direction, because Zebulon disagrees with many of Adams’s economic policies."<br />
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<b>Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.</b><br />
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<a name='more'></a><br />
No copyright infringement is intended.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sample Essay #1</span></b><br />
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The advertisement tries to convince people to vote for Adam on the basis of his economic achievements. Further, it tries to use this reasoning to convince people that Adam's competitor Zebulon would not be able to sustain the economic growth as he disagrees with Adam's policies. The reasoning is not very convincing due to many reasons.<br />
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The reasoning attempts to present economic growth as a simplistic function of worker wages, jobs created and corporations moving to the state. Concrete figures that can be compared with other states may have been more convincing. For example if the argument would have said that the state's gross production and human development index improved at a rate reasonably ahead of other states in the country, it would have sounded more convincing and well-reasoned. Every event needs a reference or a comparison to ascertain its magnitude.<br />
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Further, one cannot rely on one of the many polls to forward the reasoning; especially when no reference is given as to who conducted the poll and how. At best this claim may be taken with a pinch of salt. If the advertisement named a polling agency known to be neutral and efficient, it would have helped the reasoning a lot.<br />
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Lastly, there may be two different and yet equally good ways to reach the same destination. So a generalistic claim that anything that does not agree with Adam's policies will be detrimental for the economy does not hold any water. If the reasoning would have tried to nail a specific example from Zebulon's economic agenda, it would have been more convincing.<br />
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Concluding, the presented reasoning falters on account of being vague and generalistic. Making it a little focused can turn it into a reasonably strong line of argument. However in its current form it is not very good.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sample Essay #2</span></b><br />
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<b>The following appeared as part of a newspaper editorial:</b><br />
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"Two years ago Nova High School began to use interactive computer instruction in three academic subjects. The school dropout rate declined immediately, and last year’s graduates have reported some impressive achievements in college. In future budgets the school board should use a greater portion of the available funds to buy more computers, and all schools in the district should adopt interactive computer instruction throughout the curriculum."<br />
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Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.<br />
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I do not agree with the above reasoning.<br />
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Decline in school dropout rate can be due to a variety of reasons. A particular state saw its dropout percentage going down from 49% to 3% when the state government provided a wide array of scholarships and incentives to study. This included building social awareness on benefits of education. At the end of the day dropouts is more of a social and economic problem. Simply enhancing the instruction medium cannot hope to solve it alone.<br />
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Achievements of graduate students can be partly attributed to making the instruction medium more interactive. I agree that such an improvement can help the students to understand and grasp things faster. This can ultimately translate to better results. However at the end of the day the main credit goes to the students who worked hard to achieve the results and the teachers who used the medium effectively.<br />
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I believe that computers are tools. They are only as good as the people who use them. Hence using computers would entail some level of training for the people involved besides buying computers. Not all schools may be in a position to make that kind of investment and may have other priorities. So even though it may be desirable to have more computers for interactive instruction, forcing it down the throat of all district schools may not be a very good idea.<br />
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Concluding, interactive computer instructions can make a subject easier to grasp and more interesting. However attributing every positive event to one single change and forcing it on a huge group based on the back of such a weak reasoning can be counter-productive.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sample Essay #3</span></b><br />
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"Organizations should be structured in a clear hierarchy in which the people at each level, from top to bottom, are held accountable for completing a particular component of the work. Any other organizational structure goes against human nature and will ultimately prove fruitless."<br />
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Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.<br />
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Having a strictly hierarchical structure and having a completely flat structure are two diagonally opposite ways of handling people working for a company. In order to be able to ascertain what is better we need to have a closer look at these two styles.<br />
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Truly flat structures sound idealistic on papers and seldom, if ever, work practically. There has to be an element of individuality in order to encourage individual performance. However if all that the company needs is a regimented army of workers that follow instructions precisely with minimum innovation or conflicts, there is nothing better than a flat structure. This can be particularly useful if skilled labour is in abundance and it is difficult for one worker to significantly differentiate his work from others. Even such a mass would ultimately need a leader to direct them and take responsibility. The flattest of structures cannot escape hierarchy if they have to be successful.<br />
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Hierarchical structures put responsibility on every point in the chain of command. The clear chain of command does give incentive for individual performance and fixes accountability. However an extremely hierarchical structure can also become bureaucratic with too many leaders and too few workers. Each level of leadership may tend to pass the buck to the lower level, be close-minded to good ideas from juniors and reluctant to resist catastrophic decisions from superiors.<br />
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With these views in mind we can safely say that a hierarchical system has better chances of working when compared to a flat structure as it gives people an incentive to work. Historically systems that advocate abolition of hierarchy like socialism and communism have worked for the detriment of people despite of sounding good on papers. Hierarchical systems have their pitfalls but there is nothing that they cannot overcome. If the chain of command is not stretched unreasonably and leaders keep an open mind, the system will be successful. The basic human nature is individualistic and this system exploits this trait perfectly. Any other system may discourage creativity/hard-work and make any kind of achievement difficult. Hence I completely agree with the point of view presented.<br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The following appeared as part of a campaign to sell advertising time on a local radio station to local businesses: </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
“The Cumquat Café began advertising on our local radio station this year and was delighted to see its business increase by 10 percent over last year’s totals. Their success shows you how you can use radio advertising to make your business more profitable.”</blockquote>
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You would often see the following instructions after reading the essay prompt:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.</blockquote>
No copyright infringement is intended.<br />
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<b>Written below are some sample essays that would help you in your preparation: </b><br />
<b><br /></b><b><span style="font-size: large;">How to Analyse this Essay Prompt</span></b><br />
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<b>Assumption:</b><br />
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Advertisement on the radio station led to the business increase.<br />
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<b>Alternate Explanation:</b><br />
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While advertisement on the radio could be one of the factors that led to the increase in business, there's no evidence that it was the only reason. The Café might have invested in other forms of advertisement or might have increased their field offices.<br />
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<b>Strength of Conclusion: </b><br />
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The statement is logically unsound and is based upon in-concrete assumptions.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sample Essay #1</span></b><br />
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In an attempt to sell radio advertising time, this ad claims that radio advertising will make businesses more profitable. The evidence cited is a ten percent increase in business that the Cumquat Cafe has experienced in the year during which it advertised on the local radio station. This argument is unconvincing because two questionable assumptions must be made for the stated evidence to support the author’s conclusion.<br />
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The first assumption is that radio advertising alone has caused the increase in business at the Cumquat Cafe. This assumption is questionable because it overlooks a number of other factors that might have contributed to the Cumquat’s success. For example, the Cumquat might have changed owners or chefs; it might have launched a coupon ad campaign in the local print media; or it might have changed or updated the menu.<br />
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Yet another possibility is that a local competitor went out of business. These are just a few of the factors that could help explain the Cumquat’s growth. Because the author fails to eliminate these possibilities, the assumption in question need not be accepted.<br />
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Even if it is granted that radio advertising is responsible for the Cumquat’s success, another assumption must be made before we can conclude that radio advertising will result in increased profits for businesses in general. We must also assume that what is true of the Cumquat will likewise be true of most other businesses. But there are all kinds of important differences between cafes and other businesses that could affect how radio audiences react to their advertising. We cannot safely assume that because a small restaurant has benefited from radio advertising, any and all local businesses will similarly benefit.<br />
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In conclusion, it would be imprudent for a business to invest in radio advertising solely on the basis of the evidence presented. To strengthen the conclusion, it must be established that radio advertising was the principal cause of increased business at the Cumquat. Once this is shown, it must be determined that the business in question is sufficiently like the Cumquat, and so can expect similar returns from investment in radio ad time.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sample Essay #2</span></b><br />
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In this passage, the author states, that the increased turnover of the Cumquat Cafe was the consequence of advertising on the local radio station in the passed year. Although there might be some ground in this claim, the author could have put more evidence, that all other factors, like advertising campaign in the previous year or other advertising methods and competitors’ strategies in this year didn’t influence the positive financial outcome.<br />
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First of all, it would be more convincing, if the author has clearly stressed out, that besides radio advertising, there were no other attempts to expand its business in this year. If, for example, the cafe has used several promotional activities in parallel, like flyers on the streets, advertising in the local newspaper, reasonable business-lunches for nearby office community or setting up a playground, attracting new audience with children, then it is wrong to connect the result with radio advertising only. The author should give more information about the year’s advertising compaign to convince the readers, that it was the radio, that was the most effective measure.<br />
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Second, the author states, that this year’s sales grew up in comparison to the sales in the previous year due to radio advertising. In order to evaluate this argument, it is necessary to know, what promotion strategy did the Cumquat Cafe has before. If it comes out, that there was no advertising at all, then the presented result proves more the effectiveness of the advertisements in general, rather than the radio advertising in particular.<br />
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Third, the presented evidence would be convincing, if there were no other changes in business of the cafe over two year, as well as there were no changes in the neighborhood. It means, that if other cafes on this street closed, or the Cumquat Cafe presented the new menu, appreciated by more clients, or it simply raised prices, or managed to get cheaper rent - then it becomes obvious, that the improved year’s figures have nothing to do with radio advertising. If this is the case, these two facts, that there were radio advertising and that the sales went up, show correlation, but not a reason-consequence connection.<br />
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To summarize the above mentioned, hence normally advertising helps to improve business results and advertising on radio is not worse than any other sort of advertising, in this particular case the author should present more proofs, that it was radio ads, that caused the mentioned effect, and not the other factors. Also, some more information about this year business and last year strategy would also be helpful in order to convince the readers.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sample Essay #3</span></b><br />
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In the passage above the ad claims that radio advertising will make a business more profitable. However on a deeper analysis, it becomes evident that certain important and relevant aspects have not been taken into consideration, leading to a number of mistaken assumptions and logical flaws.<br />
One such flaw is the assumption that an increase by 10 percent in the business is a result of the radio advertisement alone. This assumption is a stretch as the 10 percent increase in business can be attributed to other factors such as change in ownership, better promotional activities, and change in menu or closing down of a competitor. For example, if Cumquat Cafe has been distributing discount coupons for a discount on the next bill, the Cafe will see an increase in the inflow of customers as they would like to utilize the coupon. It is also possible that the strongest competitor of the Cafe had to close down its shop and the customer base of the competitor now has shifted to the Cumquat Cafe. The argument would have been much clearer if the author stated explicitly the factors that contributed towards the success of the Cumquat Cafe.<br />
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The author claims that radio advertising will make a business more profitable by referring to an increase in business of the Cumquat Cafe after it began advertising on the local radio station. This is again a weak and unsupported claim as an increase in business does not guarantee an increase in profitability. For example, if the Cumquat Cafe’s business was worth $50000 last year and the profit margin was 10 percent then the profit earned was $5000. However, this year the business increased to $55000, but because of additional initiatives to increase sales the profit margin reduced to 8 percent. This will bring down the profits to $4400, reducing it by $600. To make this argument more valid the author should mention the benefits of radio advertising to the profitability of the business.<br />
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The author also wrongly concludes that radio advertising will prove advantageous for all business as it helped in increasing the Cumquat Cafe’s business by 10 percent. The flaw in this assumption is that the author assumes that what holds true in case of Cumquat Cafe will also be true for all other business irrespective of their industry and product offerings. Even if the Cumquat Cafe’s success is attributed to radio advertising, it cannot be assumed that it will for all business. For example, the public may respond differently to radio advertisements when it comes to cafes and other business such as garments, electronics, automobiles etc. It cannot be assumed that all business will benefit from radio advertising in the same way a cafe did.<br />
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In conclusion, the argument is flawed for the above mentioned reasons and is therefore unconvincing. It could be considerably strengthened if the author mentions all the relevant factors that contributed towards the increase in business of the Cumquat Cafe. Also, the author should provide data to strengthen his claim that an increase in business results in an increase in profitability. The author also needs to justify that radio advertising will have the same effect on other business as the Cumquat Cafe, without which his claim that radio advertising will make business successful is unsubstantiated. In order to assess the merit of a particular situation it is essential to have full knowledge of all the contributing factors. Without this information the argument remains unsubstantiated and open to debate.<br />
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The following appeared as part of a promotional campaign to sell advertising space in the Daily Gazette to grocery stores in the Marston area:<br />
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"Advertising the reduced price of selected grocery items in the Daily Gazette will help you increase your sales. Consider the results of a study conducted last month. Thirty sale items from a store in downtown Marston were advertised in The Gazette for four days. Each time one or more of the 30 items was purchased, clerks asked whether the shopper had read the ad. Two-thirds of the 200 shoppers asked answered in the affirmative. Furthermore, morethan half the customers who answered in the affirmative spent over $100 at the store."<br />
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Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sample Essay #1: </span></b><br />
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The writer of this promotional campaign insists the merit of advertising to the Daily Gazette by citing two statistical data, what percentage of all shoppers who bought advertised items read the advertisement and how much those shoppers purchased at the store. This argument, however, has serious flaws that weaken the conclusion.<br />
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First, "two-thirds" certainly seems a considerable figure, but the writer should have showed a figure regarding the other people. That is, the readers cannot judge whether the "two-thirds" is a good figure or not, unless the figure of what percentage of all people in the area read the advertisement. For instance, if the Daily Gazette is a major newspaper in the area and almost all residents there usually read the advertisements, "two-thirds" is not necessarily a good figure. In other words, the advertisement fails to inspire peopleto buy its items. Therefore, the argument is weak and the writer should include the kind of information.<br />
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Second, although the writer cites the data that more than half the customers who answered in the affirmative spent over $100 at the store, this citation makes no sense. That is, if the average of amounts that all shoppers spend at the store is also more than $100, the advertisement fails to increase the store's sales, and this means that this citation fails to support the argument. In order to convince the readers, the writer at least should have showed the comparable figure like the average of all shoppers.<br />
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To sum up, since the writer fails to show how much value the advertisement has, the argument is very weak. Thus the argument fails to convince the readers to advertise in the Daily Gazzeta. To strengthen the argument, the writer should cite meaningful data that the readers can compare the case of advertising with the case of not.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sample Essay #2: </span></b><br />
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The argument states that advertising the reduced price of selected grocery items in the Daily Gazette has increased the sales of grocery stores in the Marston area. The results of a study conducted last month indicate that thirty sale items from a store in downtown Marston were advertised in The Gazette for four days, each time one or more of the 30 items were purchased, clerks asked whether the shopper had read the ad. Two-thirds of the 200 shoppers asked agreed with the statement. Moreover, more than half the customers who answered had spent over hundred dollars at the store.<br />
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Firstly, I agree with this argument in general. The strategy adopted by grocery stores for selling grocery items will be greatly beneficial to the stores in the near future. More people will be aware and familiar about the ads hence the sales of the grocery items will increase significantly. The results of the study conducted prove that the ads published in the newspaper have influenced the sales of grocery items. Unsold and out-dated items can be sold out through this strategy. Furthermore, grocery stores can promote their advertisements on various sources of media such as television, radio, social networking websites and brochures. This will also raise the revenues and profits of the grocery store.<br />
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Secondly, the store could conduct sales promotional campaigns that offer free samples, price reductions and discount coupons. This would increase the profits of the grocery store immensely as well as the number of buyers will increase dramatically. Greater number of people will be interested and keen to purchasing products from the grocery store. Thus, the grocery store will have a strong position when compared to other grocery stores in the Marston area. The grocery store should listen to the views and opinions of the customers which would enable them to improve their services. In addition, they should fulfill the needs and wants of the customers in order to assure that the customers are satisfied with the brand. The grocery store should keep their customers updated about any recent additions or changes being made to the store.<br />
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In conclusion, advertising the reduced price of selected grocery items in the Daily Gazette will be advantageous to the grocery stores in the Marston area as their sales will rise significantly. Other types of advertising strategies can be used such as television, radio, social networking sites and brochures causing an increase in the profits and revenues of the store. As a result, more people will be familiar and aware about the store. The grocery store should play a great emphasis on fulfilling the needs and wants of its customers this could be done by listening to their views and opinions regarding the store. By doing so, their services would improve dramatically.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sample Essay #3: </span></b><br />
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The author argues that promotion, which was done in the Daily Gazette, will help increase product sales in the Marstom area. The writer show a research done last month as an evidence for his or her assertion. However, the author's assertion is flawed for two reasons.<br />
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In the assertion the writer says that most of the customers who purchased the advertised items in the Daily Gazette had read the ad so that the promotion was effective. However, this assertion is unconvincing since it never shows that if the customers had purchased the advertised products frequently before or not. To be specific, there is the possibility that the customers who had purchased some of the promoted products were used to buy that products, so they just buy it before without being affected by the ad although they have read it.<br />
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Also, the writer asserts that over half the customers who answered that they have seen the ad spent over $100 at the store, so it means that the sales increased from the effect of the ad done in Daily Gazette. But this argument is not entirely logical because total number of the shoppers is not shown in the writing. The author is just suggesting the ratio without the total number of customers. It means that there could be just 6 customers who purchased the promoted items and two-third of them is just 4 and half of them is just 3 and this amount is too trivial to be a evidence to show the effectiveness of the advertisement done in the Daily Gazette.<br />
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In conclusion, as the bulk of evidence shows the reasoning in the assertion is not logically sound. To strengthen the author's assertion he or she has to show the customers who bought the promoted items usually buy that products or not, also he or she has to notify the total number of the shoppers who were taking part in the study.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sample Essay #4: </span></b><br />
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The argument claims that advertising the price of item of a grocery store in the newspaper The Gazette will help in increase of sales of the store. To support this statement, the author cites evidence and suggests considering its results. It stated that last month a store Marston advertised thirty articles of its store for four days in Thee Gazette and each time there was seen one or more products sold. Moreover, when the clerks of the store asked the shopper if they had read the ad in the newspaper, they got positive answers.<br />
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Additionally, the author stated half of the shoppers who responded positively, spent above $100 at the store. The author here manipulates the facts and conveys a distorted way of the situation. The conclusion also relies on assumptions for which there is no clear evidence. Hence, the argument is weak and has several flaws.<br />
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Firstly, the author compares the products of a grocery store to another store Marston. The author failed to mention whether Marston is also a grocery store or not, which is a serious flaw. If Marston is not a grocery store, then the products of the grocery cannot be compared with that of Marston’s. Because products of similar nature are to be compared. On the contrary if Marston is also a grocery store, it is not again not good enough to compare because it might be possible that the thirty items which Marston advertised were of good quality and lower in price. And due to this factor there was increase in sales of Marston. Giving an advertisement of an article which is not of good quality will be of no help in increase of sales. Therefore, the author must have specified the quality of the articles or any other description of the articles in order to prove himself right.<br />
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Secondly, as the author states that half of the customers who responded affirmative spent over $100 at the store. This might be because all the products of the store are priced above $100 and then it is natural that the spending at that store will be above $100. The author here failed to give sufficient information regarding the thirty articles of Marston, due to which the argument remained full of flaws. If the author had mentioned that there were also articles which were of low price say, ranging from $10 to $90 or something, then it would have been right to think that there was increase in the sales at the grocery store. The statement reveals examples of leap of faith, poor reasoning and ill-defined. Without any convincing answers to the question. One is left with the impression that the claim is more of a wishful thinking rather than substantive evidence.<br />
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In conclusion, the argument is flawed due to the above-mentioned reasons and is therefore unconvincing. It could have been considerably strengthened if the author had provided any description of the thirty products which he had mentioned. In order to assess the merits of a certain situation it is essential to have full knowledge of all contributing factors. In this particular case, the argument remains unsubstantiated and open to debate.<br />
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“Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity.”<br />
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Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sample Essay #1: </span></b></div>
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According to the statement, in order to ensure high productivity, companies should base their employees’ salaries and job security solely on job performance, and not on length of service to the company. I agree that salary increases and job security are powerful incentives to high achievement and should generally go to those who do the best work. However, to ensure employee productivity, companies must also reward tenured employees with cost-of-living raises—though not with job security.<br />
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On the one hand, rewarding average job performance with large pay increases or promises of job security is a waste of resources—for two reasons. First, complacent employees will see no reason to become more productive. Secondly, those normally inclined to high achievement may decide the effort isn’t worthwhile when mediocre efforts are amply compensated. Companies should, therefore, adjust their pay schedules so that the largest salaries go to the most productive employees.<br />
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On the other hand, employees who perform their jobs satisfactorily should be given regular, though small, service-based pay increases—also for two reasons. First, the cost of living is steadily rising, so on the principle of fair compensation alone, it is unjust to condemn loyal employees to de facto salary reductions by refusing them cost-of-living raises. Secondly, failure to adjust salaries to reflect the cost of living may be counterproductive for the firm, which will have difficulty attracting and retaining good employees without such a policy.<br />
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In the final analysis, the statement correctly identifies job performance as the single best criterion for salary and job security. However, the statement goes too far; it ignores the fact that a cost-of-living salary increase for tenured employees not only enhances loyalty and, in the end, productivity, but also is required by fairness.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sample Essay #2:</span></b><br />
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The author asserts that job security and salary should be decided primarily by performance rather than by years of service. It is somewhat true that rewarding employees according to their performance could boost the productivity, but workers who have worked in the company for a long time can help the business from many other aspects with their experience and loyalty. In my opinion, both tenure and job performance are crucial criterion for salary and job security.<br />
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On one hand, rewarding the employees who perform well in the company can boost the moral and encourage workers to work hard in a short term. Many managers in manufacturing industry give salary to employees primarily, if not completely, according to how much works they have done. This policy gives a strong motivation to employees to produce as many products as they can. An impressive example is Chinese State Owned Companies (SOC). Before 1980's, workers' salary was strictly related to years of work in SOC, so employees just finished the basic duty and then waited for the coming year. During the 1980's, the reform of SOC changed the wage’s criterion from years of work to performance, and then the productivity and profit of SOC shifted up.<br />
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On the other hand, the effects of this policy could not stand in a long term, because of the competition among workers. After carrying out this policy, employers can find who produce less than the average, and then want to replace less effective employees, always the elder who could not compete with the younger in aspect of productivity. But because elder workers have knowledge to make process of manufacture safer and teach the younger with their experience. In a long term, the employees, who have worked in the company for many years, can hold the productivity in a consistently high level without severe competition, which cause employees exhaust their energy and enthusiasm in a short term.<br />
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In addition, rewarding employees for years of service could make them more loyal to the company. This policy can prevent workers from changing works frequently and make training for them more continuous. Furthermore, some elder workers themselves are the treasure for the company. For example, the workers, who hold the key patent of the product, are mean profit to the company, even though they do nothing to productivity.<br />
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In conclusion, whether a company should reward its employees for years of service or for their performance is a complex question, which needs a case-by-case study. We must make a balance between these two kinds of policy, and then design a payment plan according to the company's particular situation, with the criterion of not only the productivity, but also the profit and other factors in a long term.<br />
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“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sample Essay #1: </span></b></div>
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In this argument the author concludes that the Apogee Company should close down field offices and conduct all its operations from a single, centralized location because the company had been more profitable in the past when all its operations were in one location. For a couple of reasons, this argument is not very convincing. </div>
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First, the author assumes that centralization would improve profitability by cutting costs and streamlining supervision of employees. This assumption is never supported with any data or projections. Moreover, the assumption fails to take into account cost increases and inefficiency that could result from centralization. For instance, company representatives would have to travel to do business in areas formerly served by a field office, creating travel costs and loss of critical time. In short, this assumption must be supported with a thorough cost-benefit analysis of centralization versus other possible cost-cutting and/or profit-enhancing strategies. </div>
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Second, the only reason offered by the author is the claim that Apogee was more profitable when it had operated from a single, centralized location. But is centralization the only difference relevant to greater past profitability? It is entirely possible that management has become lax regarding any number of factors that can affect the bottom line such as inferior products, careless product pricing, inefficient production, poor employee expense account monitoring, ineffective advertising, sloppy 肥大的buying policies and other wasteful spending. Unless the author can rule out other factors relevant to diminishing profits, this argument commits the fallacy of assuming that just because one event (decreasing profits) follows another (decentralization), the second event has been caused by the first. </div>
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In conclusion, this is a weak argument. To strengthen the conclusion that Apogee should close field offices and centralize, this author must provide a thorough cost-benefit analysis of available alternatives and rule out factors other than decentralization that might be affecting current profits negatively. </div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sample Essay #2:</span></b></div>
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The author concluded that with long experience of 25 years, Olympic foods will be able to maximize profits and minimize costs because the processing cost has gone down in color film industry. The line of reasoning is that the same approach in film processing industry should be applicable to the other industries. This argument is not sound, however, because it is not necessary that same thing would happen to food industry. It depends upon many other factors.</div>
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Firstly, the argument assumed that the color film industry is similar to food industry. One must not forget that an Olympic food is an industry for frozen foods or perishable products. These products require fast transportation and special equipments in order to keep fresh or the entire stock will get junked. These requirements can claim substantial costs and it is very likely that they can never be cut. One the other hand, color film is a consumer product which stays much longer and is not perishable. Therefore, it is possible that the cost-cutting approach is not applicable to the food industry.</div>
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Secondly, the author failed to address other factors that are important to a company’s success. It is well known that in the long run maximization of profits occurs due to low cost of production. But it’s not the only factor they consider. Other factors such as demand for the product, selling price, and overall competition in the market should also be taken into consideration. Today, buyers become the king in the market. If other companies’ products are available at lower price with same quality or at similar price with higher quality, then people don’t buy the Olympic’s product. Therefore, if most consumers choose other companies’ products, then the objects of higher profits and lower cost can’t be attained.</div>
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Finally, the speaker did not include any information on Olympic management approach. Rather, it just mentioned the long experience of 25 years in food industry. While there is rough correlation between long experience and ability to maximize profit, it is not always the case. If the Olympic fails to accumulate valuable management experience, such as time-consuming strategic alliance, learning from failure, etc, then Olympic long experience will not enable it to minimize costs and thus maximize profits</div>
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In sum, the argument is not compelling because it omitted many other factors that must be addressed in order to make proper conclusion. If the author has considered the difference between color film and food industry, selling price, and product quality, the argument would be more convincing.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Sample Essay #3</span></b></div>
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The author argues that Apogee Company improves profitability by closing down its field offices and conducting all its operations from a single location. To support this argument, the author states that such centralization would improve profitability by cutting costs and helping the company maintain better supervision of all employees. In addition, the author points out that Apogee Company enjoyed a more profitable business in the past when it had all its operations in one location. However, the author's argument is flawed in three aspects.</div>
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In the first place, the author regards a complicated managerial issue as a single-step change in operations and ignores many relevant factors. A company's profitability is determined by a whole bunch of economic, social, political, and cultural factors as well as management skills and employees' attitude. Luck also plays an important role. It can be reasonably assumed that Apogee Company is suffering a low profitability at present. The reasons can be many, so any single adjustment without considering other possible influential factors is incomplete, and any oversimplified conclusion is unfounded.</div>
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In the second place, it is dangerous for Apogee Company to cut costs deeper and supervise employees better by resorting to centralization. The company may lose its market share because it concentrates its entire resource in one single location and has no direct access to some of those markets that it has offices at present. </div>
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It will be difficult for the company to get first-hand information and make quick decisions to fight competitors. Moreover, Apogee Company may also lose its customers' interest and trust. People always tend to conduct business with somebody who they can see whenever they want to see. Apogee Company may easily become another unfortunate company that is forgotten by its customers in a region where it does not have a permanent office.</div>
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In the third place, it is senseless to compare the present operations of Apogee Company with the operations in the past. The world is changing and the business environment is different. Competition is probably more severe than before, for example, so Apogee Company does not have the relative advantage it had. The only way for the company to keep competitive is to keep tighter relationships with its customers and provide better and quicker services to them, but this may require Apogee Company to open more offices rather than to close most of the current offices.</div>
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In sum, the author's conclusion is unfounded. To improve its profitability, Apogee Company should analyze its business environment carefully and, without losing its current business relationships, explore new opportunities. If it simply closed its current offices, the most possible result is that it loses its customers and therefore suffers even lower profitability. </div>
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